An interactive animation representing the process of iron extraction in a blast furnace. The basic structure of the furnace is depicted in fig. Blastfurnace production article about blastfurnace. The furnace is heated constantly and is recharged with raw materials from the top while it is being tapped from the bottom. Process monitoring of ironmaking process in a blast furnace. The charge is placed a giant chimney called a blast. Blast furnaces differ from bloomeries and reverberatory furnaces in that in a blast furnace, flue gas is in direct contact with the ore and iron, allowing carbon monoxide to diffuse into the ore and reduce the iron oxide to elemental iron mixed with carbon. A powerpoint which goes through the stages of the blast furnace, including the equations to go with the stages. Jul 21, 2014 iron ores are reduced by coke carbon in a blast furnace.
Coke is produced by heating coal in the absence of air. The production of iron in a blast furnace is a continuous process. Your aim is to optimise production of hot metal from your blast furnace by selecting appropriate raw materials, production statistics and charging rates. A blast furnace is a typical countercurrent reactor with a conical shape. What are the pros and cons of the blast furnace method of. It is the fourth most common element in the earths crust in its metallic state, iron is rare in the. It is the upgraded tier of the crude blast furnace unlike the crude blast furnace, the improved blast furnace will automatically export steel and slag immersive engineering to chests and may be. The method used in blast furnaces have been used since the 1500s. In a blast furnace oxide ores of iron, after concentration through calcinationroasting are mixed with limestone. During the extraction of iron, the reduction of iron oxides takes place in the blast furnace. Sep 04, 20 a furnace animation video by inventor duration. The purpose of a blast furnace is to reduce and convert iron oxides into liquid iron called hot metal.
They are then used to help heat the air blast, required if blast furnace is to reach the high temperatures needed to produce molten iron. This can be used in conjunction with the blast furnace story board. He washed ore is then strongly heated in the absence of air to expel water shacking to it. The combined mixture is called the charge iron ore, haematite often contains sand with iron oxide, fe 2 o 3 limestone calcium carbonate coke mainly carbon the charge is placed a giant chimney called a blast furnace. The iron ore is first roasted in air to produce iron iii oxide which is mixed with coke and limestone and then further heated to a very high temperature in a blast furnace. The iron making blast furnace itself is built in the form of a tall chimneylike structure lined with refractory brick. Aug 03, 2011 extracting iron from iron ore using a blast furnace introduction the common ores of iron are both iron oxides, and these can be reduced to iron by heating them with carbon in the form of coke. To improve the energy efficiency it is necessary to investigate how to improve the hot blast stove operation. The earliest evidence of the use of a blast furnace in china dates to the 1st century ad, and cupola furnaces were used as early as the warring states period 403221 bc. Iron and steel production from iron oxides or iron ores.
A large amount of energy is required in the production of steel where the preheating of blast in the hot blast stoves for ironmaking is one of the most energyintensive processes. The blast furnace is a cylindrical tower like structure about 25m to 35m high. Students annotate each stage to explain what is happening during the extraction of iron from the blast furnace. Concentration of ore calcination or roasting of ore. Iron ores such as haematite contain iron iii oxide, fe 2 o 3. Learn extraction of iron with free interactive flashcards. Click on a part of the picture below for further information. Hottest part of the furnace at the bottom of the furnace, adjacent to the hot air blast entry points, the temperature reaches around 1800.
Unlike the crude blast furnace, the improved blast furnace will automatically export steel and slag immersive. A blast furnace works by blasting hot air up through the furnace while fuels, limestone, and ore move continuously through the top of the furnace. The most common ore of iron is called haematite ironiii oxide. Extracting iron from iron ore using a blast furnace introduction the common ores of iron are both iron oxides, and these can be reduced to iron by heating them with carbon in the form of coke. The blast furnace is a large steel structure about 30 metres high. Iron is only a moderately reactive metal but it is less reactive than carbon. Up to 1709, furnaces could only use charcoal to produce iron. The top of the furnace is closed by a cupcone feeder. The most common ore of iron is called haematite iron iii oxide. Summary of blast furnace operating data average value parameter run 01 run 02 run 03 blast air temperature.
The blast furnace operates as a countercurrent exchange process whereas a bloomery does. The extraction of iron from its ores is quite a technical process. All the three ingredients are crushed into small round pieces and mixed and put on a hopper which controls the input. In the blast furnace process, the first step on the way towards heavy plate, pig iron is produced from iron ore. Blastfurnace production the production of pig iron by the reduction smelting of iron ores or pelletized ironore concentrates in blast furnaces. By malik mubashir university of the punjab lahore, pakistan 2. After iron ore is mined it is send to the blast furnace. Chemistry extraction of iron in blast furnace egogy youtube. It is dropped into the top of a blastfurnace along with coke purified coal, almost pure carbon and limestone calcium carbonate. The process of the extraction of iron is carried out by the following steps.
Hot air is blasted in from the side to provide oxygen that allows some of the carbon to burn, releasing enough heat to raise the temperature above 1500 o c. A watercooled oxygen lance is lowered into the furnace providing a blast of high purity oxygen blasted at twice the speed of sound. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace reduction haematite o. Destruction and removal of pohcs in iron making blast furnaces. Improved blast furnace official feed the beast wiki.
Oct 04, 2016 blast furnace extraction of iron from blast furnace class 12 ncert chemistry blast furnace working animation extraction of iron metallurgy of iron. The furnace gets its name from the method that is used to heat it. The world leader in ironmaking solutions primetals. Primetals technologies has provided blast furnace engineering, project excellence and expertise to customers worldwide for over a century. Blast furnace it is a tall cylindrical furnace made of steel. Shows how iron ore, limestone, and coke are handled and prepared for the blast furnace in the making of iron. Write down the reactions taking place in different zones. It is lined with refractory firebricks that can withstand temperatures approaching 2000 o c.
One piece of coal coke will smelt exactly one iron ingot to create 1 steel ingot and slag. Blasts furnaces are used for smelting during the production of metals such as iron, lead, zinc, and copper. The iron ore concentrate is now mixed and ready for the pelletizing process. The blast of oxygen removes some of the impurities. Pelletizing a pellet plant contains a series of balling drums where the iron ore concentrate is formed into soft pellets, in much the same manner that one rolls a snowball, to make a pellet about the size of a marble between 14 and 12. The improved blast furnace is a multiblock machine added by immersive engineering. Blast furnaces existed in china from about 1st century ad and in the west from the high middle ages. Extraction of iron metallurgy blast furnace and reactions byjus. Once a blast furnace is started it will continuously run for four to ten years with only short stops to perform planned maintenance. A blast furnace is a gigantic, steel stack lined with refractory brick where the concentrated iron ore, coke, and limestone are dumped from the top, and a blast of hot air is blown into the bottom.
Mar 06, 2016 introduction and construction blast furnace. It is by mass the most common element on earth, forming much of earths outer and inner core. In this simulation you will play the role of plant metallurgist in charge of the blast furnace operations. Please practice handwashing and social distancing, and. Pdf characterization of blast furnace sludge and removal. The blastfurnace industry took shape as a result of the development of the blooming processthe. Please consider upgrading your browser software or enabling style sheets css if.
Please practice handwashing and social distancing, and check out our resources for adapting to these times. Links revision quizzes revision questions the periodic table index metal quiz. Extraction of iron metallurgy blast furnace and reactions. The raw ore is removed from the earth and sized into pieces that range from 0. Extracting iron from iron ore using a blast furnace. Iron ore, haematite often contains sand with iron oxide, fe 2 o 3. Blast refers to the combustion air being forced or supplied above atmospheric pressure in a blast furnace, fuel, ores, and flux are continuously supplied through the top of the furnace, while a hot blast of air sometimes with. Extraction of iron in a blast furnace the significant reactions occuring within the blast furnace can be described via the following steps showing how the reducing agent varies depending on the height in the furnace i.
The common ores of iron are both iron oxides, and these can be reduced to iron by heating. Iron ores are reduced by coke carbon in a blast furnace. This video demonstrates how to extract copper using a blast furnace. Three substances are needed to enable to extraction of iron from its ore. This page looks at the use of the blast furnace in the extraction of iron from iron ore, and the conversion of the raw iron from the furnace into various kinds of steel. Process monitoring of ironmaking process in a blast. The sludge from a wetoff gas cleaning system of the iron blast furnace bf contains significant amounts of iron. The crude blast furnace is used to make steel and slag as a byproduct from version 0. A mix of highvolatile, medium volatile and lowvolatile coal volatile meaning the relative content of xylene, toluene, butadiene and other aromatic hydrocarbons is coked meaning heated withou. Students can also add the equations in the final square. Extraction of iron blast furnace skip navigation sign in. The common ores of iron are both iron oxides, and these can be reduced to iron by heating them with carbon in the form of coke.
The blast furnace is around 30 metres high and lined with fireproof bricks. Choose from 146 different sets of extraction of iron flashcards on quizlet. Our technology base covers the entire blast furnace process route from hot blast and raw material handling, through the furnace and casthouse, to gas cleaning and hot metal slag processing. It is a metal that belongs to the first transition series and group 8 of the periodic table. The old metallurgical engineer and steelmaker says. The blast furnace is a huge, steel stack lined with refractory brick. It is the upgraded tier of the crude blast furnace. The iron made from the blast furnace is transported to the bos vessel where it is mixed with controlled amounts of scrap steel. Can be used in conjunction with blast furnace powerpoint. Feb 27, 2008 an interactive animation representing the process of iron extraction in a blast furnace. The iron blast furnace is a large, tall, vertical metallurgical furnace used for reducing molten iron from its oxide ores and is one of the major reactors in the iron making industry. Iron making in the furnace usually continues for about ten years before the furnace linings have to be renewed. Preheated air at about o c is blasted into the furnace through nozzles near its base the largest blast furnaces in the uk. The blast furnace after iron ore is mined it is send to the blast furnace iron is extracted from its ore in a blast furnace.
Pig iron was known four to six centuries before the common era. Write down the reactions taking place in different zones in. Blast furnace definition of blast furnace by the free. Iron oxides can come to the blast furnace plant in the form of raw ore, pellets or sinter. Smelting the concentrated ore is mixed with calculated quantity of coke, limestone and the mixture is put in the blast furnace from top.
Blast furnace working animation extraction of iron metallurgy of iron. Processes and procedures in the extraction of iron. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally pig iron, but also others such as lead or copper. A blast furnace is a type of metallurgical furnace used for smelting to produce industrial metals, generally iron, but also others such as lead or copper. The principal function of a blast furnace is to continuously produce liquid hot metal viz.
Click the text button to show the chemical equation for each stage of the process. This resource is from the unit extraction of iron which is part of absorb chemistry. Model development of a blast furnace stove sciencedirect. Molten pig iron from the blast furnace is usually stored in a hotmetal mixer before transferring it to the steelmaking plant in a transfer ladle known as torpedo. Chemistry extraction of iron in blast furnace egogy. Usage of the blast and cupola furnace remained widespread during the song and tang dynasties. The oxygen must be removed from the iron iii oxide in. These materials are loaded into the blast furnace from the top while a blast of hot air is introduced into it from beneath via small pipes known as tuyeres. The world leader in ironmaking solutions primetals technologies. Using coal coke immersive engineering for fuel, it converts iron ingots and blocks into steel. Oct 22, 2019 the old metallurgical engineer and steelmaker says. Iron smelting may have been introduced into china through central asia.
View our blast furnance animation and discover how abraham darby finally succeeded in. However, wood which is what charcoal is made from was becoming more expensive, as forests were being cleared for farmland and timber. Thus, it is the lower part where the reduction of iron. Blast furnaces are used continuously and are only shut down when their brick lining needs replacing.
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